M.C. Patricia Silva-Sáenz
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Materia: Angiospermas
Facultad de Biología de la Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo Edificio R planta Baja Ciudad Universitaria Francisco Javier Mujica SN, Felícitas del Río, 58030 Morelia, Michoacán Tel. 01 443 316 7412 |
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Mentha MINT
Ver: Jepson eFlora The Jepson Herbarium - University of California, Berkeley http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_IJM.pl?key=9461 Arthur O. TuckerPerennial herb from rhizomes, glabrous to hairy. Stem: generally ascending to erect, generally branched. Leaf: petioled to sessile; blade elliptic to ovate or lanceolate, toothed to lobed. Inflorescence: head-like in leaf axils or collectively spike- or panicle-like and subtended by bracts. Flower: calyx ± radial, generally 10-veined, lobes 4–5, equal or not; corolla ± 2-lipped, lips generally equal, upper lip notched, lower lip 3-lobed; stamens 4, ± equal, generally exserted, filaments glabrous, anthers segments parallel, distinct. Fruit: nutlets ± ellipsoid, tip rounded. 18 species: temperate. North America, Eurasia. (Latin: ancient name for mint) [Tucker et al. 1980 Taxon 29:233–255] Cult for oils, flavoring, herbs. Hybrids in California generally sterile, spreading from rhizomes.Key to Mentha
1. Calyx interior with ring of hairs; vegetative stems decumbent, flowering stems upright ..... M. pulegium1' Calyx interior glabrous or hairs few, scattered; both vegetative and flowering stems upright 2. Inflorescence generally axillary 3. All leaves ± equal in size, blade generally ovate, generally spicy-scented ..... M. arvensis 3' Leaves reduced in size distally, blade generally linear to lanceolate, generally pennyroyal- or spearmint-scented 4. Leaves gradually reduced distally on stem, generally pennyroyal-scented ..... M. canadensis 4' Leaves greatly reduced distally on stem, generally spearmint-scented (fruit-scented) 5. Calyx 1.5–3 mm, lobes triangular ..... M. ×gracilis 5' Calyx 2.5–4 mm, lobes sharply tapering ..... M. ×smithiana 2' Inflorescence terminal 6. Inflorescence generally head-like, clustered at distal 3–5 nodes 7. Blade generally ovate, generally lavender- and citrus-scented ..... M. aquatica 7' Blade ovate to lanceolate, generally peppermint- or spearmint-scented (lavender and citrus) ..... M. ×piperita 6' Inflorescence spike-like 8. Leaves wrinkled 9. Blade lance-oblong, glabrous (branched-hairy abaxially), spearmint-scented ..... M. spicata (2) 9' Blade ovate, with scattered many-branched hairs abaxially, fruit-scented ..... M. suaveolens 8' Leaves not wrinkled, occasionally deeply veined 10. Blade lanceolate to lance-oblong 11. Blade widest near middle, hairs unbranched; fertile anthers ± 0.3–0.4 mm; generally musty-scented ..... M. longifolia 11' Blade widest near base, occasionally branched-hairy abaxially; fertile anthers ± 0.4–0.5 mm; generally spearmint-scented ..... M. spicata (2) 10' Blade oblong to ovate 12. Calyx ciliate; fertile anthers 4; leaf blade base tapered to ± lobed; corolla 2.5–3.5 mm; Great Central Valley, Central Coast, Transverse Ranges ..... M. ×rotundifolia 12' Calyx generally canescent; fertile anthers generally 0; leaf blade base tapered; corolla 3–4 mm; Transverse Ranges ..... M. ×villosa Las descripciones son de la Flora de China
Otros nombres comunes: la bo he (Pinyin, China) y pepper mint (English, Canada). Stems erect-ascending, 30-100 cm tall, branched, purple-red, glabrous or angles sparsely minutely hispid. Petiole 1-2 mm, purple; leaf blade lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, 2.5-3 × 0.8-2 cm, glabrous or abaxially minutely hispid on veins, densely glandular, base rounded to shallow cordate, margin unequally acute serrate, apex acute. Verticillasters in cylindric terminal spikes, interrupted at base; bracts linear-lanceolate, slightly longer than calyx, ciliate. Pedicel ca. 1 mm. Calyx tubular, tinged purple, puberulent or subglabrous, glandular outside; teeth 5, linear-subulate, ca. 1 mm, ciliate. Corolla white, tinged red on lobes, ca. 4 mm, tube nearly as long as calyx; lobes subequal, upper emarginate. Nutlets brown, obovoid, ca. 0.7 mm, apex glandular.
Hierba buena, hierbabuena china, hierbabuena de menta, hierbabuena de olor, malva, menta, menta inglesa, yerbabuena. Estado de México: chits-aná (mazahua); Guerrero: kallowena (náhuatl); Oaxaca: ujts aay. Otros nombres comunes: "Menta" (Peru), liu lan xiang (Pinyin, China), spear mint (English, Canada) o spearmint (English, United States). Herbs stoloniferous. Stems erect, 40-130 cm, glabrous or subglabrous, striate. Leaves sessile or subsessile, ovate-oblong to oblong-lanceolate, 3-7 × 1-2 cm, base broadly cuneate to rounded, margin irregularly serrate, apex acute. Verticillasters in cylindric terminal spikes 4-10 cm, spikes interrupted at base; bracteoles linear, 5-8 mm. Pedicel ca. 2 mm. Calyx campanulate, ca. 2 mm, glandular, obscurely 5-veined; teeth triangular-lanceolate, ca. 1 mm. Corolla purplish, ca. 4 mm, glabrous, tube ca. 2 mm; lobes subequal, apex emarginate. Ovary brown, glabrous. Un 01 de diciembre de hace algún tiempo, alguien preguntó las diferencias entre los magueyes y la sábila. Para más información, ver la Flora Fanerogámica del valle de México.
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